# Alkalmazott Analízis Szeminárium

A BME Matematika Intézet Analízis és Differenciálegyenletek Tanszékének közös Alkalmazott Analízis Szemináriuma 2016. őszén indult Faragó István (Differenciálegyenletek Tanszék) kezdeményezésére az MTA-ELTE Numerikus Analízis és Nagy Hálózatok Kutatócsoporttal együttműködésben. A szeminárium célja, hogy elősegítse egy alkalmazott analízissel (funkcionálanalízis, differenciálegyenletek, numerikus módszerek) foglalkozó kutatói kör kialakítását az intézeten belül. A szemináriummal fórumot szeretnénk biztosítani az alkalmazott analízissel foglalkozó matematikusok és az analízist alkalmazó kutatók számára az együtt gondolkodásra. További cél az érdeklődő hallgatók (MSc, PhD) bevonása a kutatói munkába.

Szemináriumunk 2017-től felvette a Farkas Miklós Alkalmazott Analízis Szeminárium nevet. Ezzel szeretnénk emléket állítani egyetemünk egykori tanszékvezető matematikaprofesszorának, aki elindította egyetemünkön a matematikus-mérnök képzést, és a stabilitáselmélet valamint a biomatematika terén elért jelentős tudományos eredményeivel ill. könyveivel nagyban hozzájárult az alkalmazott matematika erősödéséhez. (English version of the introduction.)

From the autumn semester of 2017 the talks will be in English on a regular basis. / 2017. őszi félévétől az előadásokat angol nyelven tartjuk.

Organizers / Szervezők: Faragó István1,2,3, Karátson János1,2,3 ,Horváth Róbert1,3 ,Mincsovics Miklós1,3 ,  Svantnerné Sebestyén Gabriella1,3 (1BME, 2ELTE, 3MTA-ELTE NUMNET)

Request for e-mail notifications and remarks to the organizers / Feliratkozás az e-mail listára ill. egyéb megjegyzések a szeminárium szervezőihez

Prospective speakers:
24 October: Svetozar Margenov
31 October: - (Autumn holiday at ELTE University)
7 November - Gabriella Vas
14 November - Christian Pötzsche

Next seminar:

17 October (Thursday) 2019, 10:15, H607 (!!!) (BME, building H)

László Székelyhidi (Universität Leipzig)

Renormalized and non-renormalized solutions of the transport equation

The linear transport equation is the possibly simplest of all PDE, describing the evolution of a density under the flow of a given vectorfield.
It is well-known that, as long as the vectorfield is Lipschitz continuous,  solutions of the linear transport equation are closely related, via the method of characteristics, to the Lagrangian flow map generated by the vectorfield. However, this link breaks down if the vectorfield is merely Sobolev, since in this case the ODE does not make sense classically. Of course, formulation of the PDE poses no problems even without differentiability assumptions. On the other hand there are numerous applications in fluid mechanics and kinetic theory, where the transport equation appears with a vectorfield which is in some Sobolev space, possibly even continuous, but not Lipschitz. For such cases DiPerna and Lions developed in the late 1980s a theory of renormalization, leading to a well-posed solution concept for both the PDE and the ODE. In the talk we discuss the limits of this theory and present examples showing that unless certain additional integrability conditions are imposed, the theory of renormalization does not lead to a unique solution.

Previous seminars

10 October 2019

Tamás Kalmár-Nagy (BME, Department of Fluid Mechanics)

Having fun on the plane: Poincaré-Lyapunov constants, Jacobians, Quadrics and Jordan Forms​

In nonlinear dynamical system self-excited vibrations frequently occur where an equilibrium undergoes a Hopf bifurcation and limit-cycle oscillations develop.
The Hopf bifurcation has two types, supercritical (soft) and subcritical (dangerous). The type of the bifurcation depends on whether the nonhyperbolic equilibrium is weakly stable or unstable. The stability of the equilibrium (and thus the type of the Hopf bifurcation) is determined by the sign of the so-called Poincaré-Lyapunov constant.
This talk discusses three short topics centered around Poincaré-Lyapunov constants:
1, We pose and affirmatively answer the question whether the stability of a nonlinear center can be determined from the eigenvalues of the Jacobian matrix AWAY from the equilibrium point.
2, We recognize that the Poincaré-Liapunov constant is a quadratic form in a 10-dimensional space of the coefficients associated with the normal form of a Hopf bifurcation. This real manifold (the "Hopf quadric") separates regions of the parameter space corresponding to supercritical and subcritical bifurcations.
The stationary points of the squared distance function from a parameter point to the Hopf quadric are the real zeros of a univariate algebraic equation. The distance to the quadric is the minimal positive zero of this equation. This distance can be used as a measure of the "criticality" of the bifurcation. Joint work with Alexei Yu. Uteshev.
3, We use the so-called Carleman embedding technique to recast the normal form of a Hopf bifurcation as an infinite-dimensional linear system. We describe the connection between the Poincaré-Lyapunov constants and the linear algebraic properties of the Carleman matrices. This connection provides a new algorithm to compute Poincaré-Lyapunov constants. Joint work with Csanád Hubay.

3 October 2019

Zahari Zlatev (Aarchus University, Roskilde, Denmark)

Using climatic scenarios in advanced air pollution studies

Systems of non-linear partial differential equations (PDEs) are often used to describe mathematically the long-range transport of air pollutants. The discretization of the spatial derivatives involved in these systems of PDEs leads to the solution of large systems of non-linear ordinary differential equations (ODEs), which are very stiff and, therefore, must be handled by applying implicit numerical methods for solving systems of ODEs. That leads to the solution of systems of non-linear algebraic equations, which have to be treated, at every time-step, by suitable iterative methods. Some version of the well-known Newton Iterative Method is normally used and systems of linear algebraic equations (LAEs) are to be solved many times in the inner loop of the Newton procedure. The systems of LAEs are huge when fine spatial resolution is used, which is nearly always highly desirable. Moreover, many such systems are to be treated, because the time-interval is nearly always very long. Handling many millions of systems of LAE’s, each of which contain several hundred million equations, is not unusual. Therefore, such complex models have necessarily to be run on high-performance computers by applying special techniques; see, for example, Z. Zlatev and I. Dimov: “Computational and Numerical Challenges in Environmental Modelling”, Studies in Computational Mathematics, Vol. 13, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2006. The problems are becoming much more difficult and time-consuming when large-scale air pollution models (a) are used to study the sensitivity of the pollution levels to variations of some key parameters as, for example, the emissions and (b) are combined with different climatic scenarios in the efforts to investigate the influence of climatic changes on some high and harmful pollution levels. The treatment of the air pollution models in this extremely difficult situation will be discussed in this talk. It will, furthermore, be shown that the climatic changes are normally resulting in increased levels of some pollutants. However, the major aim will be to demonstrate the fact that some of these enormous computational tasks cannot be handled directly even on the fastest parallel computers. Therefore, some special techniques, fast numerical methods and appropriate splitting procedures must necessarily be used.

26 September 2019

Éva Gyurkovics (BME, Department of Differential Equations)

Stability and stabilization with applications

In this talk, a short survey will be given about the results of the last three years achieved by several colleagues. Firstly, the stability analysis of continuous- and discrete-time time-delay systems based on a set of Lyapunov–Krasovskii functionals (LKFs) will be discussed. An important task in this problem is the estimation of the derivatives and differences of the LKFs. To this end, new multiple integral and summation inequalities will be presented that involve several famous inequalities known before. It will be shown that the proposed set of sufficient stability conditions given by LMIs can be arranged into a bidirectional hierarchy establishing a rigorous theoretical basis for comparison of conservatism of the investigated methods. Sufficient stability conditions will also be presented for the case of time-varying delays based on a parameterized family of LKFs involving multiple integral terms. Comparisons of several bounding inequalities proposed recently for the estimation of integrals and sums of quadratic functions will be discussed: the equivalences of several known variants of the free matrix based inequalities and their generalized and simplified forms are shown. Then, the relationship between the (simplified) free matrix based inequality and the combination of the Bessel-based inequality with different bounding inequalities affine in the length of the intervals are investigated.

Secondly, the results are applied to the non-fragile exponential synchronization problem of complex dynamical networks with time-varying coupling delays via sampled-data static output-feedback controller involving a constant signal transmission delay.

Finally, an algorithm terminating in finitely many steps will be given to determine the dynamic output feedback control with suboptimal finite-frequency H norm bound. Two case studies will be presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

19 September 2019

Yiannis Hadjimichael (NUMNET MTA-ELTE research group)

High order discretization methods for spatial dependent SIR models

In this talk, an SIR model with spatial dependence is discussed and results regarding its stability and numerical approximation are presented. SIR models have been used to describe epidemic propagation phenomena, and one of the first models is derived by Kermack and McKendrick in 1927. In such models, the population is spit into three classes: $S$ is the group of species susceptible to infection, $I$ is the compartment of the ill species, and $R$ the class in of recovered species. We consider a generalization of the original Kermack and McKendrick model in which the size of the populations differs in space. The use of local spatial dependence yields a system of integro-differential equations. The uniqueness and qualitatively properties of the continuous model are analyzed. Furthermore, different choices of spatial and temporal discretizations are deployed, and step-size restrictions for population conservation, positivity and monotonicity preservation of the discrete model are investigated. We provide sufficient conditions under which high order numerical schemes preserve the discrete properties of the model. Computational experiments verify the convergence and accuracy of the numerical methods.

Presentations in 2018/192017/182016/17